Law Of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.List and clarify quickly every one of the parts required to exhibit that a coupling contract exists?2.Does an agreement must be recorded as a hard copy to be authoritative? In your answer clarify whether this is the situation, and further whether it is a smart thought to placed an understanding in writing?3.What is a proper agreement? Clarify the conventions of such an agreement and give two examples?4.A gathering of companions meet for an ordinary beverage at a lodging each Friday night. Each contributes $2 towards a gathering lottery ticket, which is drawn throughout the end of the week by Lotto organization. One of the gathering is given the job of really purchasing the organization ticket. When in certainty a triumphant ticket is drawn for the gathering the buyer of the ticket asserts the course of action is simply social and there is no game plan whereby he needs to share the prize. Break down this issue as far as agreement law?5.Why is it significant under law to recognize a gathering who is an operator for a head, from that of a self employed entity? In your answer clarify the legitimate ramifications of every relationship? Answers: 1. There are sure components, the nearness of which transforms an understanding into an agreement. Because of this explanation, it has been said that all substance are understandings, however all understandings can't be portrayed as agreements. Along these lines, if every one of these components are available in the event of an understanding, such understanding transforms into an agreement that is legitimately official for the gatherings. These components incorporate the prerequisite that one gathering should make a proposal to the next. Nonetheless, an offer can likewise be made to a gathering of people or even to the entire world (Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co, 1892). So also, the offer should be acknowledged by the other party (Harvey v. Facey, 1893). The acknowledgment ought to be unequivocal. On the off chance that new terms are presented while tolerating the offer, such acknowledgment is certifiably not a substantial acknowledgment and it adds up to a counteroffer (Hyde v Wr ench, 1840). Another prerequisite is of the nearness of thought. Thought can be depicted as the cost paid by the gatherings consequently of the guarantee made by another gathering. It isn't vital that the thought it generally presented as cash (Chapple v Nestle, 1959). Essentially it is additionally necessitated that the gatherings ought to have the expectation of going into a lawful relationship. This prerequisite recognizes a legitimately enforceable agreement from a straightforward guarantee made in family or social setting. Thusly, a few guarantees made to relatives or companions and so forth are not enforceable by law. The gatherings to the understanding ought to likewise have the legitimate ability to go into the agreement. It is additionally significant that the gatherings entered an agreement after they have appropriately comprehended the details of the agreement. The assent of the gatherings ought not be started by factors like undue impact, misrepresentation or pressure. I n such cases the agreement may get illicit and void. In this way the components that are important for the development of a legitimate agreement are:- offer: one gathering should make a proposal to other. An offer additionally should be recognized from an insignificant greeting to treat, for instance, a notice. Acknowledgment: the offer should be acknowledged by the gathering to whom it was made. In the event that any new terms are presented while tolerating the offer, such acknowledgment isn't legitimate, and it is considered as a counteroffer. The impact of making a counteroffer is that the first offer can never again be acknowledged. Thought: fixation can be portrayed as the cost paid by the gatherings consequently of the guarantee that hosts been made by the other get-together. There are sure standards related with thought. For instance, past thought isn't treated as a legitimate thought (Re McArdle, 1951). Limit: the gatherings ought to have the lawful limit. For instance, minors, people of unsound brain and bankrupts are not permitted to shape a legitimately enforceable agreement. Commonality of commitments: if there should be an occurrence of a legitimate agreement, both the gatherings ought to acknowledge the commitments that have been forced on them by the agreement (Pearce v. Streams, 1866). 2. The law doesn't force any condition as indicated by which a legitimately enforceable agreement ought to consistently be recorded as a hard copy. In this manner, a substantial agreement can likewise be made orally. Anyway there are sure agreements, which are required to be made recorded as a hard copy. So also albeit oral agreements are additionally lawfully enforceable however by and large a trouble emerges in implementing the conditions of oral agreements. This trouble emerges because of the way that when an agreement hosts been dealt with inadequately by the gatherings, a record is absent in regards to the particulars of the agreement. Accordingly, it gets hard to build up the conditions of an oral agreement. Simultaneously, it is additionally essential to know about the kinds of agreement that required by the to be made recorded as a hard copy. By and large, the agreements that are required by the law to be made recorded as a hard copy incorporate the agreements concerning genu ine property, certain obligations or related with cash over specific sum. In any case, the law doesn't necessitate that every single agreement ought to be made by the gatherings recorded as a hard copy. Thus, if the components that the need for making a legitimate agreement are available, even an oral agreement can be implemented by the law. Consequently, while the gatherings went into an exchange in accordance with some basic honesty, however an all around drafted contract that has been diminished to composing is fit for giving the best assurance to the gatherings on the off chance that a question emerges between the gatherings. Then again, when a little whole is engaged with the agreement or, if there should be an occurrence of a straightforward agreement, the requirement for having a composed agreement is additionally less. Along these lines, it tends to be said that it isn't essential in all cases that a substantial agreement ought to be made recorded as a hard copy. In any case , it is a smart thought to decrease the agreement to composing, on the grounds that in such a case. It is simpler to build up the legally binding terms. 3.law A proper agreement is an agreement that hosts been made by the gatherings and the report is fixed utilizing the seal of the gatherings (Miller, and Cross, 2012). When contrasted with the circumstance, when the gatherings have gone into a casual agreement, the report isn't marked under seal of the gatherings. In such manner, the seal can be any impression made on the record by the gatherings to the agreement. Before, by and large, this was done in wax, which referenced the goal of the gatherings to be limited by the details of the agreement. It additionally should be noticed that the law of agreement gives that solitary the gatherings to the fixed reports are considered as having certain rights under the agreement. Because of this position, just the gatherings to the agreement are considered by the law as being subject under the agreement. Be that as it may, nowadays, a large portion of the agreements made between the gatherings are casual agreements. In any case, it should be r eferenced that the authenticity of the agreement isn't chosen by the reality on the off chance that it is a conventional agreement or a casual agreement. In this way in both the cases, an agreement can be lawfully enforceable if the other basic components required for a legitimate agreement are available. For the most part, more prominent specialists like organizations or government substance into a conventional agreement. The previous agreement should be marked under seal. The instances of formal agreements can be given as letter of credit and debatable instrument. 4. Based on the realities that have been given in this inquiry, the issue emerges if the gathering of companions have gone into a lawfully enforceable agreement or on the off chance that it was simply a social understanding, which couldn't be implemented by the law. For this situation, a gathering of companions used to contribute $2 each to buy a lottery ticket. One of the companions was given the duty to really buy a lottery ticket. At the point when the triumphant ticket was bought by them that specific companion would not share the prize cash. He asserted that the gathering of companions didn't have the aim of entering guidelines when they concluded that the prize cash will be conveyed among them. In any case, the law of agreement gives in such cases that so as to make a legitimate agreement, among different components. It is additionally important that the gatherings to the agreement ought to have the goal of entering legitimate relations (Jones V Padavattan 1969). Accordingly in such cases it is essential that the gathering ought to have the goal that the conditions of the agreement ought to be upheld by the law (Merritt V Merritt, 1970). For this reason, it is necessitated that the agreement ought to be deciphered to offer impact to the goal of the gatherings as it has been referenced in the understanding. So as to accomplish this goal, as a rule, the court discovers the aim of the gatherings objectivity. Hence, for this reason, the court considers the real words that have been utilized in the understanding by the gatherings just as the activities of the gatherings as indicated by the understanding and all the conditions worried about the understanding. On the off chance that it very well may be chosen by any sensible individual, regularly considering all the above realities that the gatherings planned to make a lawfully enforceable agreement, the court will implement the provisions of such an agreement. The plain significance rule is additionally utilize d by the courts in such manner. Along these lines, this standard gives that if an unmistakable and unequivocal agreement exists, such agreement will be implemented by the courts. The plain importance of the provisions of the agreement as referenced in the authoritative record will be thought of and the court won't think about any extraneous proof or decipher the language of the agreement. Under these conditions, for this situation additionally, a gathering of companions had contributed $2 each for buying a lottery ticket. This unmistakably shows for this situation, the gathering of companions had the goal of going into a substantial agreement that can be upheld by the law. In this way, they planned that the prize cash would be dispersed among every one of them regardless of whether one individual has

McD Case Study Essay Example

McD Case Study Essay rMcDonald’s †Business Strategy in India Case Study Abstract This contextual investigation talks about how McDonald’s India figured out how to evade the pattern in a battling economy, its initial years and business procedure to get progressively out of its stores in India. The case likewise quickly talks about how McDonald’s adjusted to nearby culture in India, its confinement and passage procedure, its solid flexibly chain and estimating methodology. Chapter by chapter guide 1. Presentation 2. McDonald’s section into India 3. Display I: McDonald’s †Country †Entry Year 4. The Indian Market †Top 10 percent of the busiest markets all inclusive 5. Restriction Strategy . McDonald’s JV in India 7. Starting Challenges †‘Culturally Sensitive’ Food 8. Understanding Indian Customs and Culture 9. An Indianized Menu, Re-built activities and no hamburger burger 10. Rivalry †Major Competitors in India and Globally 11. McDonald’s †Quick Facts 12. Timetable of McDonald’s in India 13. Valuing Strategy †The Rs-20 snare and ‘Purchasing Power Pricing’ 14. Booths at store doors for clients in a rush 15. Home Delivery †McDonald’s Delivery Service or McDelivery 16. Out-of-home Breakfast †International McDonald’s design with neighborhood taste 17. McDonald’s Supply Chain Management (SCM) 18. One of a kind virus chain 19. Reducing expenses 20. Display II: McDonald’s Suppliers in India 21. Show III: The Menu at McDonald’s India 22. Display IV: McDonald’s †Early History and Growth 23. Display V: Principles to McDonald’s business achievement 24. Inquiries for Discussion Case Study Keywords: Fast-food Retailing, McDonald’s India, Joint endeavor, Amit Jatia, Vikram Bakshi, restriction procedure, estimating system, McIndia, brisk assistance cafés, social adjustment, nearby culture, flexibly chain the board, SCM, McDelivery, remarkable virus chain Case Questions for Discussion 1. McDonalds has become the banner brand for downturn strong business. What is McDonald’s doing directly in India? What components of its business system are working for it and how can it figure out how to get increasingly out of its stores? 2. Does nearby adjustment add to business development in a nation? Disclose McDonald’s endeavors to adjust to the nearby culture in India. What difficulties did McDonald’s face in India? 3. Have you at any point visited a McDonald’s store? Thoroughly analyze your involvement in another brisk assistance eatery or inexpensive food joint you visited before. In what manner can McDonald’s improve? Would it be advisable for it to change its system? Case Updates/Snippets World’s driving food administration retailer †McDonald’s has in excess of 32,000 eateries serving more than 50 million clients every day in excess of 119 nations. * McDonald’s rivals in India †McDonald’s contends with cheap food chains like Pizza Hut, Domino’s Pizza, Papa John’s, Nirula’s and KFC in India. * McDonald’s Supply Chain †McDonald’s has a devoted flexibly chain in India and sources 99% of its items from inside the nation. The organization has solid in reverse reconciliation straight up to the ranch level. * Quick help eateries in India †By October 2009, McDonald’s India had in excess of 170 fast assistance cafés in India. We will compose a custom exposition test on McD Case Study explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on McD Case Study explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on McD Case Study explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Domino’s Pizza, which started tasks in India in January 1996, has more than 275 stores across 55 urban communities in the nation. KFC has 46 cafés across 11 urban areas in India. (KFC is one of the 5 brands possessed by Yum!. KFC is a $12 billion worldwide brand and a main brisk assistance café (QSR) in numerous nations. ) Nirula’s, one of India’s most established evolved ways of life (finished 75 years in administration in March 2009), has a system of around 62 outlets in five states across Northern India. Nirula’s, built up in 1934 has interests in lodgings, eateries, frozen yogurt parlors, cake shops and food preparing plants. Nirula’s was the first to present burgers in Quite a while. * Food Industry in India †In India, food industry and especially casual eating out market is little. In India, over quarter of a million clients visit McDonald’s family cafés consistently. The Indian cheap food showcase is esteemed at $1-billion (Rs 4,547 crore) aprrox. * MFY (Made for You) food readiness stage †MFY is a one of a kind idea (cooking strategy) where the food is set up as the client submits its request. All new forthcoming McDonald’s cafés depend on MFY. This cooking technique has helped McDonald’s further fortify its sanitation, cleanliness and quality principles. McDonald’s has around 10 MFY eateries in its portfolio. * How McDonald’s figures out how to hold its costs down? †Fast-evolved ways of life face an extreme time adjusting between edge weights and climbing costs which can hurt volumes. Thusly, the chains need to expand rates or modify their techniques. Reasonableness has been the foundation of McDonald’s worldwide technique. A portion of its measures to accomplish this incorporate †Bulk purchasing, long haul seller agreements, and assembling efficiencies. McDelivery Online †In India, McDonald’s first propelled home conveyance of suppers in Mumbai in 2004. McDonald’s now has plans to dispatch online conveyance administration in India (across 75 McDelivery urban areas) in 2010, a pilot for which has just been tried by it in Hyderabad. The organization would like to add 5 percent to deals by means of Web conveyance. McDonald’s electronic conveyance model will be founded on serving the client rapidly wherein the drive time doesn't surpass seven minutes since its food must be eaten inside ten minutes of arrangement. The footfalls in India are among the most noteworthy on the planet, however the normal bill is among the least. At present (March 2010), Domino’s Pizza (worked by Bhartia Group-advanced Jubilant Foodworks under an ace establishment understanding) has a 65% piece of the pie in the home conveyance section. * Most Preferred Multi Brand Fast Food outlets: In 2009, McDonald’s India won the CNBC Awaaz Consumer Awards for the third time in the classification of the Most Preferred Multi Brand Fast Food outlets. * McDonald’s India in 2010 †In 2010, McDonald’s India intends to open 40 additional outlets. The organization has additionally reserved a financial plan of Rs 50-60 crore to advertise its new items and activities for customers. Its new showcasing effort is titled †‘Har Chotti Khushi Ka Celebration’ †at the end of the day ‘celebrate little delights of life’ where it positions McDonald’s as a setting for enhancing life of buyers. In South India, McDonald’s has 29 outlets and plans to include 10 more by end of 2010. * Taco Bell in India †In March 2010, Taco Bell, the Mexican strength chain possessed by US-based cheap food brands administrator Yum! Eateries propelled its first outlet in Bangalore, India. The organization which additionally works brands like Pizza Hut and KFC plans for contract cultivating to open up to 100 outlets by 2015 and furthermore venture into Tier-II and - III Indian urban areas in the long run. * Local Vegetarian Menu: In India, McDonald’s doesn't offer pork or hamburger based items. It’s menu is more than 50 percent veggie lover. The cheap food retail chain has separate creation lines and procedures for its veggie lover and non-vegan contributions. * High Real-Estate costs in India: In numerous nations, in a Quick Service Restaurant (QSR) a client comes in, purchases and afterward leaves. This is known as a rotating entryway idea. Be that as it may, an Indian client has confidence in an eat in culture. This adds to the land costs which goes as high as 20-25 percent when contrasted with 10-15 percent all inclusive. * The most significant supper for QSRs-Morning Meals (Breakfast):According to statistical surveying organization, the NPD Group, breakfast represented almost 60 percent of the café industry’s traffic development in the course of recent years in the U. S. Speedy help eateries sold 80 percent of the more than 12 billion morning dinners served at US cafés for the year finishing off with March 2010. OOH Branding: According to Rameet Arora, ranking executive †promoting, McDonald’s India (West and South), McDonald’s India might be the biggest out-of-home marking (OOH) in the nation. McDonald’s India has restarted OOH (out-of-home marking) following a 7 to multi year break to reach to their objective gathering. * Employees and Cus tomers: In India, McDonald’s utilizes 5,000 individuals and serves a large portion of a million clients every day by means of its 169 family eateries. McDonald’s has 85,000 workers and serves 2. 5 million clients every day in the UK.

Continue to Fund NASA

The destruction of the boat and the remaining parts of her seven team individuals were tossed all over Texas and parts of Louisiana. Indeed, even the most resolute NASA adherents pondered their help for the organization as fire came down from the sky. It had been about a long time since the last deadly debacle of the Challenger blast, and this filled in as another alarming update that space travel till isn't safe.The episode caused the inquiry that everybody posed to themselves that day: Is the excursion Of room travel and investigation worth the penance of human lives? This line of reasoning has at last lead to the discussion about whether we, as American citizens, should keep on subsidizing NASA in its strategic investigate and comprehend the universe. I recommend that NASA isn't just a significant piece of our legislature, however a flat out basic bit of our advancement as a human animal groups. We are a race bound for the stars, and the arrangement of offices like NASA were the i nitial steps to that end.To better get NASA, we need to take a gander at the office from its initiation. NASA was basically resulting from dread of Soviet space prevalence. On October 4, 1957 the Soviet Union dispatch the universes first counterfeit satellite into space by the name of Sputnik (Gerber, Lanais). As an immediate outcome, precisely one year later NASA was framed with 8,000 workers and a 1 00 million dollar spending plan. The underlying objective of NASA was to make up lost ground on the Soviets in the space race, however on May 25, 1961 President John F Kennedy gave NASA its prime mandate: put a man on the moon and bring him back feely before the finish of the decade.With an amazing pace and productivity, that objective was accomplish on July 20, 1969 when Neil Armstrong made his initial steps on the moon and gave his popular â€Å"One Small Strides for Man† discourse. Around then, the entire nation was behind NASA and its strategic. The very demonstration of put ting a man on the moon changed our general public from numerous points of view. Man was not, at this point bound to the Earth, and it changed our view of the universe. Investigation of room and the stars appeared inside our grip. It seemed as though just a short time before the basic man would colonize the moon. Quick forward just about forty years after the fact and we find that Man has not been back since.The thought that we had the option to send a man to the moon in eight years, yet spend the following forty inactively by on Earth and our low circle space stations doesn't agree with a few. What's more, in the event that you are simply taking a gander at the little image of kept an eye on space travel, no doubt NASA is moving at a snails pace. Since the last moon landing, Man has not moved an inch past our low circle space stations. When taking a gander at shortcomings, there are numerous to be found with regards to why this has happened. The main thing we can take a gander at is the floundered help NASA got from our entrance in the previous few decades.When Americans began biting the dust for the reason, we as a whole gradually began losing our desire for space travel. This likewise happened when we understood the significant expense of sending man into space. People in general doesn't see the advantages of sending a man to the moon once more, as the â€Å"been there, done that† mindset has won. This is particularly evident starting late when Obama just as of late dropped the Constellation Program, which planned for recovering a man on the moon by 2020 (Atkinson). A definitive objective was to begin towards building a lunar base from which we could dispatch other space meetings from.Yet, despite the fact that we had just burned through 9 billion dollars on the venture, it was hacked out. NASA was refered to as â€Å"over financial plan, delayed, and ailing in advancement because of an inability to put resources into basic new innovations. † I nstead, NASA was encouraged to contribute and rouse the centralization of room flight (Belton). This comes about in light of the fact that the space transport armada will be resigning this year, and the US will be completely dependent on the Russian space office to ship our space travelers to the International Space Station for the following not many years. It is proposed that prodding development in this area will achieveBeam's edge of making employments and will be preferable monetarily over sending our cash to Russia. While I discover the centralization of room flight a stage a decent way, I accept the retraction of the Constellation program shows a tremendous absence of premonition on the Obama organization's part. While this move harkens back to when the legislature prodded development in business flight part by utilization of the Airmail activity (Simmers 2), one must understand that the cash is only not there yet for business study and exploration.The ventures NASA have attem pted have required gigantic financial plans with typically next to no money related return. This isn't really the field for private industry, who have a primary concern to stress over. There has been a lot of clamor regarding the expense of supporting NASA through open financing. This year Anna's spending plan really expanded 6% to just shy of 18 billion dollars, which to a few, are not being spent shrewdly. It is tragically evident that NASA has become the administration office that no one needed it to be: huge, enlarged, wasteful and expensive.It appears it has fallen into the pit that most other government organizations have. For verification of this e can take a gander at Anna's most recent Mars wanderer venture, the Mars Science Laboratory (MS). The wanderer should dispatch close to the finish of 2009 and now has been deferred (twice) to 201 1 (Chance). The spending plan for this task was endorsed at 1. 6 billion yet now is anticipated to outperform 2. 2 billion by dispatch. Re gardless of whether you take a gander at Anna's later examples of overcoming adversity people in general has been asking â€Å"is it justified, despite all the trouble? ‘ The Mars wanderers Spirit and Opportunity propelled in 2003 and were relied upon to last just 6 months.Six years after the fact and we discover they are as yet working on Mars and sending back information. At a complete expense of - ? 944 million for a multi year strategic, could state that is a deal (Chivies). However, there are numerous who wonder how soil tests and climate designs on Mars help us when there a lot more issues down on Earth that need consideration. Some have encouraged for the slicing and out and out abolishment of NASA for moving its spending plan to other social projects like well admission, national medicinal services or education.While I am not discussing the whether these projects need additionally subsidizing, I am expressing that lessening Anna's financial plan and by and large nearn ess would be an enormous hit to the advancement of the IIS and he human race all in all. When taking a gander at the general legislative spending financial plan, NASA is just a small detail within a bigger landscape, totaling just under 1% (Change). Contrast that with the tallness of the Apollo missions that took 5% of the financial plan, it shows that the present program is moderate. The national guard spending plan is about multiple times that of Anna's.While NASA doesn't legitimately move in the direction of the hyphenation of room (that is the Air Force's area), keeping up space prevalence lends over our nation's barrier. One can possibly envision if Russia or China picks up the high ground. Notwithstanding, the moment anis we may see by redirecting Anna's financing somewhere else would be extraordinarily exceeded by the impeding impacts this would have on our nation and maybe the world. So far you may state there haven't been numerous ace's for NASA that have been introduced. T he Anna's rewards for all the hard work truly fall into two classes: unmistakable and intangible.The elusive blessings that NASA has given us are actually the hardest to shield as they may not legitimately advantage us. For example, NASA has found more than 300 explants (planets circling stars outside our close planetary system) are as yet discovering new and better approaches to identify them Cowmen). They late propelled the Keeper space telescope that will help us in finding much more explants. The information that there are completely more planets outside our close planetary system, while to be expected, fails to help us now and helps nobody at the moment.Yet, the data we may gather from these explants may maybe open how planets are framed in our universe; and may even give a brief look into how life is shaped. One can't put a sticker price on extending the human comprehension of the universe. Be that as it may, knowing how life or planets are shaped don't support the destitute o r the withering. For the individuals who couldn't care less that Uranus has 1000 MPH wind speeds or that at the focal point of each world there might be an overly monstrous dark gap; we should take a gander at the immediate and unmistakable presents that NASA has offered on our society.Many, numerous inventive advances have been legitimately and by implication made by NASA is quest for its objectives. In the event that you lose all sense of direction in the forested areas and your GAPS drives you back to wellbeing; you can express gratitude toward NASA for that. In the event that MR. check gets the beginning periods of malignancy and you get the opportunity to carry on with a full life as a result of it, you can express gratitude toward NASA (Change 2). In the event that your alarm goes off and you can escape your immerse before it is inundated on fire; once more, you can say thanks to NASA. In the event that you have an ear thermometer, PDA, satellite TV or cordless drill; you can thank in entire or to some degree, NASA.The advancements NASA has given the world has made life simpler, yet has spared incalculable lives too. How about we not overlooked Anna's tremendous commitments to meteorology either, which have spared lives as well as have help the rural division also. Every one of these things we might not have occurred if NASA hadn't help make them as a way to their end. On the off chance that the entirety of Anna's commitments to humankind have not influenced you than harvests nothing will. You should consider this however; that the destiny of the whole world and mankind might be on Nanas shoulders.I'm sure you have all observed films like Armageddon and Deep Impact, and conceivable or not these Earth striking comets are an undeniable chance. The main way we will have reasonable admonition if this happens will be through the endeavors of organizations like NASA. The main associations in any event, considering the potential outcomes and emergency courses o f action are those like NASA This isn't dread

Adolescent Sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pre-adult Sexuality - Essay Example b) Early beginning of sex: Other dangers related with high schooler sex incorporate encouraging start of sex practice. Adolescents normally get pulled in towards other gender at a beginning time and begin to engage in sexual relations with their accomplices. In 2006 7, 50,000 teenagers underneath the age of 20 got pregnant in United States (Guttmacher Institute, 2010). c) Multiple sex accomplices: Majority of the teenagers who are occupied with having intercourse with more than one accomplices are frequently liable to create mentalities like battling, consuming medications and smoking. These exercises are essentially seen among young ladies. It additionally builds the odds of pregnancies and STDs. d) Unprotected sex: Most of the young people are regularly occupied with unprotected sexual practices. The two most regular outcomes of unprotected sexual practice are; transmission of different explicitly transmitted infections and pregnancy. I) STDs: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are a significant issue in adolescent sex. These sicknesses are typically transmitted by hazardous sex rehearses which are unmistakable among adolescents. 19 million STD contaminations happen worldwide every year among in which half of them are teenagers between the ages of 15-24 (SADD, 2007). Another purpose behind high pace of STDs among youngsters is a direct result of an inappropriate observation that oral sex or butt-centric sex doesn't have the danger of transmission of STDs. Various of the explicitly transmitted maladies are AIDS, Genital Warts, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Herpes, Chlamydia, Pubic Lice or Crabs, Vaginitis and Hepatitis (Menstruation, 1999). ii) Teen Pregnancy: Another outcome of unprotected sex is teenager pregnancy. Most teenagers regularly enjoy perilous and spontaneous sex practice because of their adolescence. In US 34% of teenagers become pregnant before they arrive at the age of 20 which is around 8, 20,000 per year (SADD, 2007). The aftereffect of unprotected sexual conduct prompts pregnancy at an early age may be hurtful for a young lady. In spite of the fact that

Boston Globe profiles Andrews research

Boston Globe profiles Andrews research Boston, MA—Â  The Boston Globe recently profiled Andrew Belascos research focusing on test-optional admission policies. Author Kevin Lewis writes:IN RECENT YEARS, many selective liberal arts colleges have made standardized tests optional in the admissions process, out of a concern that the tests are biased against certain groups. But researchers from the University of Georgia aren’t buying it. Their analysis indicates that these test-optional colleges did not subsequently enroll a greater proportion of poor (i.e., those receiving a Pell grant) or minority students, controlling for various other factors relevant to admissions. On the other hand, these colleges were subsequently able to report higher SAT scores. As the researchers note, this ironic outcome may be made even worse by the possibility that test-optional admissions increase the weight of credentials that are more easily acquired by advantaged groups.Click here to access the article.

Transforming the Presentation of Gender Epicene and The Roaring Girl - Literature Essay Samples

‘Oh London†¦. Thou hast all things in thee to make thee fairest, and all things in thee to make thee foulest: for thou art attir’de like a Bride, drawing all that looke upon thee, to be in love with thee but there is much harlot in thine eyes.’ (Dekker). The plays produced during the early 17th century signified a turning point in the portrayal of the women within literature. Female sexuality and agency were beginning to be seriously explored due to proto-capitalist city economy providing more women with economic independence, and thus, a greater degree of personal freedom. One could argue that this is reflected in The Roaring Girl by Dekker and Middleton and their representation of women through Moll Cutpurse, a female character that occupies a position of total opposition to patriarchal structures of the 17th century. But, it would be inaccurate to suggest that Jacobean theatre is progressive in its representation of women. Many writers viewed the consumerism that emerged with the economic rise of London as a problem rooted in women, they regarded the ‘city women’ as being unvirtuous, as evident in Jonson’s Epicene were woman are portrayed as deceitful and mercenary characters. The economic upheaval and urban gr owth during this period were beginning to alter the way gender was perceived, these changes also bred patriarchal anxieties and opposition that is evident within the art produced by Jonson, Middleton and Dekker. During the 19th century Baudelaire popularized the literary figure of the flà ¢neur â€Å"Who confounds dominant uses of the city by casually strolling through it† But one could argue that the ‘stroller’ character who possesses total freedom of the city can be traced back to the Jacobean ‘roaring boys’ whom Orgel defines as â€Å"characteristically upper class or gentry, their riotous behavior as assertion of aristocratic privilege.† It is Dekker and Middleton’s appropriation of the ‘roaring boy’ persona through the character of Moll Cutpurse that enables an exploration of the moving gender boundaries caused by London’s embracing of the mercantile, capitalist economy. Like the flà ¢neur Moll moves around the boroughs of the city of London with ease from the bustling high street to the open space of Gray’s Inn Fields. She befriends courtiers, through her relationships with Sebastian Wengrave and Jack Dapper, t he sons of landed gentry, and she also boasts of her affiliation with the pickpockets of London â€Å"I have sat amongst such adders.† Moll further occupies the typical positon of the educated young man about town through her display financial independence, as demonstrated in her desire to buy a â€Å"shag ruff.† Moll’s ability to traverse both the physical boundaries between neighbourhoods and the more abstract class boundaries cements her position as ‘the stroller.’ A controversial position for a woman to occupy and one that requires Moll to be denied her femininity throughout the play. She is repeatedly called â€Å"a creature† or â€Å"a monster,† Sir Alexander insinuates that she is a hermaphrodite â€Å"’†¦her birth began/Ere she was all made. Tis woman more than man, man more than woman.† Thus, while Moll does successfully co-opt the position of â€Å"the roaring girl† throughout the play and is able to gain power and authority that she would be denied if she presented herself as the Jacobean idea of womanhood, she is still denied her feminine identity. Thus, one can argue that her site she occupies within the gender politics of the play is not of a reforming nature, but is rather gender exceptionalism. Similarly, Jonson also explores the shifting gender roles within the city caused by the economic upheavals occurring within London and English class system, albeit framed through a misogynistic mind set. The verbose women within Epicene, specifically the Collegiate’s, while not as independent as Moll Cutpurse, are actively engaged within the economic and culture aspects of the city. Newman argues that â€Å"†¦the talking women represents the city and what is large part motivated the growth of the city – mercantilism and colonial expansion.† Women as the epitome of consumerism is particularly palpable in Truewit’s argument against marriage â€Å"These women are consummate consumers of poems and plays in the same breath as gloves and garters.† Jonson depicts the Collegiate’s as insatiable consumers through their ruthless colonization of Morose’s household, permeating his house with noise, which he compares to â€Å"Another flood! A n inundation! I shall be o’erwhelmed with noise.† Women are also depicted as sources of economic power with Epicene repeatedly stating that now she and Morose are married that she will buy a carriage – a status symbol representing wealth – and Mrs Otter expounds at length about the economic control she exercises over her household and her husband â€Å"Who gives you your maintenance?† Arguably, Jonson’s alignment of femininity and finances while degrading, does demonstrate effectively the shift felt in the hierarchy of England due growth of the middle class, as Orgel notes â€Å"Women and children†¦become both a medium for exchange and the cultural metonyms for the working classes generally.† Jonson’s unfavourable depiction of the covetous talkative women is therefore not only a manifestation of gender anxiety but also of class anxiety. The invasive presence of women within the play reflects the nobility’s perception that their political and cultural institutions were being taken over by the lower classes. Judith Butler described gender as a series of â€Å"performative acts† and that the act of drag or cross-dressing makes the audience â€Å"see sex and gender denaturalized by means of a performance which avows their distinctness and dramatizes†¦their fabricated unity.† While The Roaring Girl and Epicene are plays predominantly concerned with the patriarchal anxieties stemming from upsetting the gender norms of the period, one can interpret aspects of the text as explorations of the artifice behind gender. In both Epicene and The Roaring Girl cross-dressing is a trope that features throughout and is utilised by the authors to interrupt the normative Jacobean gender boundaries, the most prominent example being the titular character of Epicene, who throughout the majority of the play occupies two opposite poles in the spectrum of feminine virtue. When she is introduced Epicene represents the feminine ideal, predominantly through her silent and submissive persona. Moro se both deifies her â€Å"divine softness† and yet also reduces her to an object through his clinical listing of her good attributes and his desire to â€Å"Try her.† After the marriage, Epicene then reveals that this is a faà §ade, revealing herself as a loud woman and ingratiating herself with the Collegiate’s while disrupting Morose’s household. Simultaneously but not coincidentally, Epicene becomes a locus for sexual perversity with both Daw and La Foole claiming to have had sex with her. Suggesting that for the Jacobean’s is a woman lacked virtue in one aspect of herself, she probably lacks virtue in other areas. Jonson, however, implodes this binary through the reveal of Epicene as a boy and also reveals the false presumptions of the other characters. For how can Epicene be the epitome of unvirtuous womanhood, when she is in fact not a woman? Epicene’s portrayal of womanhood is of corrupted femininity as performed by man, whereas The Roaring Girl is centred on perfected masculinity as performed by a woman. Orgel posits that â€Å"Moll is surrounded by men who are less than men,† their names insinuate emasculation, for example Laxton is associated with the phrase ‘lack-stone’ that suggests he has no testicles. Moll also over-powers men throughout the play – she bests Laxton at a dual, she saves Jack Dapper from being arrested and foils Sir Alexander Wengrave and Trapdoor’s plot to arrest her. She occupies a place with considerable power over multiple powerful men. However, unlike Epicene who only emerges as a sympathetic character when their femininity is denied, Moll is still allowed to express herself as a woman. In the final act she appears wearing a â€Å"female dress† and Sir Alexander expresses an attraction to her. Yet, she still retains her autonomy regardless of her clothing through her refusal to marry. Moll is able to pick aspects of masculinity and femininity that she wishes to express and it is through this complex and fluid relationship between character and gender that Dekker and Middleton create, certain preconceptions about gender are dissected and their artifice is revealed. To say that women in Jacobean theatre are portrayed either favourably or unfavourably is reductive as it ignores the contextual complexities that influence the authors. While misogynistic elements are evident, it is in these city plays that a more modern and complex interpretation of women in literature begins to emerge. In the London that is reflected in their work, Jonson, Dekker and Middleton represent women are forces of industry, who eschew cultural norms successfully, and are treated seriously – albeit not respectfully. By concentrating on an individual’s performance within a public space, how an individual interacts with the environment they inhabit the authors put the gender expectations, and also the class expectations, of their contemporaries under scrutiny and in turn, reveal the pretence behind class and gender constructs.

The Mid 1960s - 997 Words

The mid-1970s was a time when some people still identified as hippies. In the small college town where I lived then I was reading a book in the â€Å"alternative† cafe, when a self-styled hippy sat down at my table. Sharing tables was quite common for that cafe, which espoused a more Marxist, communal way of doing things. The hippy-man appeared to be in his 30s, which seemed ancient to me at the time. I wasn’t in the mood to chat but when I put down my book to greet him he started talking, expounding on his philosophy of life and his solutions for what ailed the human race. One of his big ideas involved bananas. He said, â€Å"Everyone’s so depressed and you know why?† I didn’t. â€Å"They don’t have enough potassium, man! If everyone ate bananas they wouldn’t be depressed. It’s all in the bananas!† I had some ideas of my own that were as strange to him as his ideas were to me. Despite that, we enjoyed each other’s company for a little while and shared a few laughs. He got up to leave and we shook hands. As he walked away he paused, looked back at me and said, â€Å"I dig your mirth, man.† And then he was gone and I never saw him again. But the thought of him and our brief connection still makes me smile. Ten years ago I accompanied a friend being admitted to an inpatient addiction rehab clinic. I sat with him for moral support as the admission nurse asked him the standard questions. For him, entering rehab was a moment of pure defeat, barely better than being in the gutter.Show MoreRelatedThe Rebellion Of The Mid 1960s1479 Words   |  6 PagesRebels with a Cause During the mid-1960s, various racially driven riots descended upon Northern urban centers and blanketed the cities with violence and destruction. Historians have long debated the cause of these riots and whether they were actually riots, or rebellions against America’s prevalent racial polarization in urban areas. Some historians categorize the uprisings as unnecessary riots that stemmed from the increasing black militancy, ghetto residents lack of responsibility for their ownRead MoreDuring The Mid-1960S To 1980, The Black Power Movement1362 Words   |  6 Pages During the mid-1960s to 1980, The Black Power movement was highly important for African Americans in the United States. This time frame increased the self-determination of black pride and the empowering movements that took place across the nation. The development of organizations influence African Americans to form unity, group awareness, and institutions in order to enhance the race as a whole. Important activists stood firm in their prolific speeches, which influenced the nation to believe thatRead MoreThe Disadvantages Faced by Catholics in Northern Ireland in the Mid-1960’s1192 Words   |  5 PagesThe Disadvantages Faced by Catholics in Northern Ireland in the Mid-1960’s Since the partition of 1921 the Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland had been unable to live on equal terms together. The North became Northern Ireland and the south the Republic of Ireland. It was not really an event, for decades Britain had resisted Home rule but by 1919 the attitudes were altering. A majority of Northern Ireland were Protestants, the Catholics only made up 33% of the populationRead MoreAging Population Has Steadily Increased Since The Mid 1960 Essay1675 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Statistics Canada, aging population has steadily increased since the mid-1960. The age of 65 and older comprised 15.7% of the country’s population. Promoting health in these aging population is very crucial to minimise the severity of health complications that might occur in the long run. Gerontological Nursing involves the care of aging people and emphasize the promotion of the highest possible quality of life and wellness throughout the lifespan (Eliopoulos, c2014 p73). Aging peopleRead MoreThe period between early 1940s to mid-1960s or so, alternatively, the period between when the700 Words   |  3 PagesThe period between early 1940s to mid-1960s or so, alternatively, the period between when the musical Oklahoma! (1943) was produced till the time when Hair (1968) was produced, is usually referred to as the Golden Age of the American musical (Kantor, 2010). It is during this period, that most of the noted titles such as â€Å"Carousel†, â€Å"South Pacific† etc. were produced. 1940s and early 1950s were dominated thoroughly by MGM musicals, while the late 1950s and 1960s belonged to Broadway. Initially, theRead More1960s Cinema And Its Impact On Cinema1236 Words   |  5 Pages1960s Movies 1960s cinema reflected the good and the bad of the decade. 1960s cinema influenced many of the films we have today. 1960s cinema brought attention to movie musicals, which were movies that had many song and dance numbers along with dialogue and blocking. Three of the biggest hits of the decade were movie musicals. Some of the decade’s biggest hits, including the movie musicals, are still popular today. In the 1960s, there were many popular movies, both in theaters and on televisionRead MoreThe Revolution Of The 1960 S846 Words   |  4 Pagesthe 1960’s Many people believe the 1960s, were the golden age but, contrary, by the end of the decade, it seemed like the The United States was falling apart. That could be one of the reason why different groups were growing with new ideas, demands and of course many reforms. Student activists became more and more radical. They protested over colleges, massive antiwar demonstrations and occupied various public places to make their revolutionary ideas visible and to be heard. In 1960s, theRead MoreGrade Inflation Is Not Uniform1567 Words   |  7 Pagesthe year 1999–2000. The study concluded that 28.9% of graduates received mostly C grades or lower, while only 14.5% received mostly A grades. A more recent study, however, shows that grades have been inflating since the mid-1960s, and that A has been the most common grade since the mid-1990s. Grade inflation in the United States Grade inflation at the post-secondary level A recent study,, collects historical data from 80 schools, in some cases dating back to the 1920s, and conclude clear evidenceRead MoreThe Music Of Elvis Presley898 Words   |  4 PagesThere were plenty of music coming out and showing up in the 1960’s. It was time; time for a new form of music, a new sound, it was time for a revolution. There were all types of music being played and new music being formed. There were all sorts of bands playing different kinds of music and playing with their own styles while taking over the airwaves. Whether it be rock, soul, or any other type of music, it was a revolution. This also led to new bands forming and breaking into the industry. In theRead MoreEssay On Dielectric Resonator966 Words   |  4 Pagesmicrowave resonators. However, his theoretical investigations failed to generate significant interest and practically nothing happened in this area for over 25 years. In the early 1960s, researchers from Columbia University, Okaya and Barash [34-35] reported the first ever DR in the form of a single crystal TiO2. In the mid-1960s, Cohn [36] performed extensive theoretical and experimental evaluation of DR. Nevertheless, the DR was still far from being used in practical applications. A real breakthrough

Compare kennedy and johnson Free Essay Example, 1000 words

John F. Kennedy  vs. Lyndon B. Johnson John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson are two of the most powerful and influential figures in the history of the United States. They left a mark in the history of the country while serving as the Presidents of the U. S. The distressing assassination of President Kennedy followed by the period of political novelty led by President Johnson made 1960s the most eventful decade of the twentieth century. Lyndon Johnson further expanded the functions of federal government in terms of its duty for the welfare of the American citizens and called it the Great Society. However, the idealism that sprouted up amongst the enthusiastic American youth during 1960s eventually turned into a large rebellion. Thus, the decade, although started with high hopes, ended with the horrors of division and disappointment. A comparison between the policies of President Kennedy and President Johnson reveals the similarities and differences that led to their popularity with t he masses. John F. Kennedy won presidency over Richard Nixon in the year 1960. He assured a new set of domestic reforms called New Frontier for America that would cover reforms not only at home but also the victory in cold war. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare kennedy and johnson or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now However, despite successfully creating his image as an intelligent and energetic leader, he faced legislative failures at the outset of his presidency. On the other hand, he managed to be triumphant in the approval of tariff reductions to promote economic growth in the country. He is mostly remembered for his efforts regarding tax cuts in the economic arena. However, his plans to increase federal aid in the field of education, medical care and urban renewal did not get accomplished. He became the president when the cold war was at its height. Thus, foreign policy initiatives occupy the maximum part of his agenda. John Kennedy succeeded in making himself the central focus of the entire nation and that is quite evident from the reaction of American citizens to his cold blooded murder in 1963. Lyndon Johnson followed John F. Kennedy as the US president. The events leading to the assassination of President Kennedy landed him in the white house. His p residency is marked by the expansion in the roles of federal government. He set to complete the unfinished work of President Kennedy’s New Frontier by constructing his own outstanding reform program which was ultimately called the Great Society. He accumulated the largest reform agenda since the time of Roosevelt’s New Deal.

Personal Statement Personal Selling - 895 Words

Personal selling is a face to face interaction between buyers and seller. This interaction is necessary for forming bonds and building lasting relationships that lead to repeat customers. This type of selling gives the sales person a chance to sway the customer towards a particular product with in depth information as well as utilize their promotional skills and abilities. Personal selling is less impersonal, it gives the salesperson the opportunity to listen to and address customer concerns, whether it be replacing a faulty product or addressing an issue with services rendered. Personal selling is considered to be the most effective form of promotion because it makes it possible for the sales person to entice consumers to make impulsive†¦show more content†¦The selling process has seven steps, the first of which is generating leads, this basically entails capturing the interest of potential customers. This is usually done through prospecting, cold calling, referrals and networking. The next step in the selling process is qualifying leads, this is basically determining if any of the prospects are viable leads buy assessing their buying power, gauging their receptivity and accessibility, and recognizing if they have a need for what is being sold. The third step is approaching the customer and probing needs; before approaching the customer the s alesperson must do their research to be as knowledgeable as possible about the prospect. The fourth step is developing and proposing solutions, this is the point where a sales proposal and presentation is presented to the customer. The fifth step in the selling process is handling objections, the salesperson must be fully prepared to handle any and all objections the prospect may have and find a way to use those objections to their benefit. The next step is closing the sale, at this stage the presentation has being made and it s all about the negotiations and trying to come to an agreeable consensus. The final step in the selling process is following up, this is simply to make sure delivery schedules are met and the client knows how to use theShow MoreRelatedList The Three Prescriptions That Serve As The Foundation For Development Of Relationship Strategy1183 Words   |  5 PagesList the three prescriptions that serve as the foundation for development of relationship strategy. Values Clarity Support 2. How important are establishing, building, and maintaining relationships in the selling process? List the four groups of people with whom sales personal must be able to work effectively. In a consultative sale, building a relationship is important to create identification with one on one communication with the customer to keep the customer feeling confident andRead MoreThe Management Of Individual Finances1180 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Financial Planning The management of individual finances indicates the beginning of financial planning. Financial planning refers to the process of developing a strategy that aids an individual to manage and control their spending and investments to suit their current, as well as future needs. Financial planning is an essential aspect of individuals’ as well as organizations’ continuity. Part A (1) Allison’s cash flow statement Cash Flow Statement Cash Inflow 3000 Expenses Rent 750Read MoreThe Best Way Of Selling A Product / Service862 Words   |  4 Pagescrucial part of selling a product is to get your customer to trust in you. You want the customer to feel like you are offering them something that can actually benefit them whether than just trying to get a sale out of them. You want to make the customer feel like they are important. Companies want salespeople who work for them know everything about the product so that they are confident when selling the product. In my opinion, the best way of selling a product/service is to share a personal experienceRead MoreThe Marketing Of Marketing Mix1340 Words   |  6 Pages Promotional mix consists of A ) Personal Selling In Personal selling communication is happening on one to one with seller and customer. It is considered to be one of the most expensive form of promotion . The seller uses their appearance and product knowledge to sell the product. Examples of Personal selling - Personal Meetings , telemarketing etc. customer. Personal selling is belongs to advertising and sales promotion. Personal selling is the way , to personally sell the productRead MoreEssay on Marketing Strategy: Neutrogena ´s Advertisement Campaign 702 Words   |  3 PagesNeutrogena’s personal selling will have to be the marketing strategy that needs to be launched before the full advertisements are released in the different media. One strategy for the personal selling campaign would need to be promoted in selected cities with a large population that is located in the United Kingdom, which also can be acknowledged in other cities throughout that country. The determination for Neutrogena is to weigh in on the actual desires and necessities of the ultimate objectiveRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.1172 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Apple Inc. designs, manufactures, and markets mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, and portable digital music players, and sells a variety of related software, services, accessories, networking solutions, and third-party digital content and applications (Apple, 1). Apple Inc. is popular mainly due to its smartphones iPhone and laptops MacBook. According to article Best Worst Laptop Brands 2015 by LAPTOP editors, Apple Inc. products are to be the best amongRead MoreMary Kay Case Analysis Essay example1272 Words   |  6 Pagescosmetics, fragrances and other personal care products. From 1963 through the 1990s, this direct sales force primarily made up the distribution channel. In the case of Mary Kay, the direct sales force was the distributors and consumers. Thus, the direct sales force bought and then sold the products through a social network. This type of direct selling is called a network marketing organization (NMO). In this NMO, the distributors were responsible for selling products and recruiting new distributorsRead MoreGeicos Modified Rhetorical Approach1226 Words   |  5 Pages Geico’s Modified Rhetorical Approach Geico Insurance Company is known for using humorous and absurd mascots as a main selling point in their advertisements. Mascots that Geico has used in the past include the infamous Geico gecko, with the mysterious accent and the Geico caveman who seemed to be a jack-of-all-trades. Geico has recently taken a new approach to advertising their insurance. Authors of Geico commercials have recently introduced their newest mascot, Mike McGlone, a well-known actorRead MoreManaging Financial Resources Essay examples1182 Words   |  5 Pagesthe financial statements.(P2.4) 9. Analyse budgets and make appropriate decisions.(P3.1) 10. Calculate unit costs and make pricing decisions using relevant information.(P3.2) 11. Assess the viability of a project using investment appraisal techniques.(P3.3) 12. Explain the purpose of the main financial statements.(P4.1) 13. Describe the differences between the formats of financial statement for different types of business.(P4.2) 14. Analyse financial statements using appropriateRead MoreMarketing Channels1482 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribed as the blend of personal selling, advertising, direct marketing, sales promotion, and public relations a company uses to reach potential customers. (Excellence in Business; Bovà ©e, Thill, Mescon; p.  487) When a company is developing a promotional mix and working with their marketing channels, it is important to understand the five elements of promotion. Excellence in Business (Bovà ©e, Thill, Mescon; p.  487) describes the five elements as: 1. Personal selling which is in-person communication

Disadvantages Of The Tenth Amendment - 1410 Words

â€Å"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.† Our Tenth Amendment, as it was originally written does not specify or restrict the spectrum of powers which are entitled to the federal government, the state government, and or the people. Since this amendment to the U.S. Constitution does not provide an accurate measure of the powers granted to each group, it is a very open concept and its extent can be given an infinite number of interpretations. The lack of specific distinction between the powers can cause altercations regarding the rights and authority that the state and the national government have over certain issues. To†¦show more content†¦These types of actions have already taken place in a few states of the United States. Because similar events have already taken place, it would only make sense to for it to become an official right for the St ates. If permitted by a state, it would gain control of the requirements on subjects like the production, distribution, prescription, and administration of medical products derived from marijuana. By monitoring various aspects of the medical production of marijuana, the states could prevent the exposure that patients may have to hazardous products that contain marijuana. This would give individuals with health conditions an opportunity receive safer substances because there would be no need for these to be made under illegal or unsanitary environments. Additionally, patients with severe conditions could gain access to the possibility of reducing the occurrence of their chronic symptoms and even present some improvements in their health. Similar to the previous proposal, the State’s right to permit and legalize the use of recreational marijuana should be incorporated under the 10th Amendment. States would gain the ability to set an age requirement for the use of this plant for recreational purposes. The state government could adopt measures, comparable to those of the level of alcohol an individual canShow MoreRelatedFederalism and the Triad of Powers in America819 Words   |  3 PagesWith the failure of the health-care programs, the attention of nation was once again back on the federal government and the pressure was building up to take care of the situation. Federalism, much like anything, comes with advantages and some disadvantages. One advantage of federalism is that a large number of different governments ensure diversity among policies and programs. â€Å"We need diverse policies to accommodate a diverse populace across a vast country† (Berman and Murphy 93). Another advantageRead MoreCommon Core And The American Education System881 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment they must adhere to the system guidlines. A brief note on Education and the government: education is a state right and not a federal right. Education has no right to be regulated by the government; in fact, it underminds the Tenth Amendment. The Tenth Amendment states that any power not delegated by the Constitution is delegated to the states or to the people. Common core is a very complex system. If schools across the nation do not adhere to the requirements of common core, then they doRead MoreHistory and Purpose of the US Constitution Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pagescountry. As a result outcome the framers of the Constitution feared that the states would not serve a strong role in federalist government. One way in which the framers sought to preserve a strong role was through the Tenth Amendment (Lowi, 2007, pg. 22). Under the Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, all powers not granted to the federal government are reserved for the states and the people which are called reserved powers. If state or local laws contradict any of those, the state or localRead MoreThe Tenth Amendment Of The United States Education System975 Words   |  4 PagesCommon Core Initiatives History The Tenth Amendment of the United States Constitution declares that the states have the authority in handling educational standards (Boslaugh, 2015). Each state can come up with their own requirements and rules for their educational systems. For many years, this system seemed to work and showed good results. The United States had one of the best educational systems throughout the world. Although this system worked for many years, after World War II ended countriesRead MoreEssay on We Must Raise the Minimum Wage1615 Words   |  7 PagesFederal minimum wage is established by the Federal government and is the lowest set amount of money an employer can pay its employee (â€Å"Federal minimum†). On the other hand, an individual State may set its own minimum wage. The States under the Tenth Amendment have the right to accept the federal minimum wage, or states may set their own minimum wage. Roughly 20 or more states have set their own Minimum wage laws. Some states set their own minimum wage because some states have higher cost of livingRead MoreMilitary Draft No longer Necessary Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pagessustain combat in Iraq and Afghanistan while meeting other global responsibilities. The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) found that â€Å"the current volunteer force is the most capable in the nation’s history† (GAO.gov). They f ound other disadvantages of reinstating a draft, which consist of a decline in force effectiveness and weakened fighting capabilities (GAO.gov). Since President Nixon inaugurated the All-Volunteer forces, our military had a successful victory in Operation Desert StormRead MoreA Traditional U.S. Government During the Formation of the Constitution1981 Words   |  8 PagesConstitution—safeguard our freedoms by preventing any single branch from becoming too powerful. There is a second check in the division of powers between the national and state governments—a principle known as federalism. Then finally with the addition of the Tenth Amendment to the US Constitution detailing the rights reserves to the States or People. Which of these checks have proven most lasting? I believe the check of â€Å"JUDICIARY is check on LEGISLATIVE through its authority to review all laws and determineRead MoreAfrican Transformation from 1865-19201832 Words   |  8 PagesEmancipation Proclamation, Slavery did not officially end until congress passed the 13th Amendment, which outlawed slavery. Freedmen were no allowed to be citizens until 1868 when congress passed the 14th amendment. The 14th amendment also allowed blacks the right to equal protection under the law. The first Supreme Court Interpretation of the 14th amendment was in the Slaughterhouse Case. This case extended the 14th amendment to all citizens. Even with the end of slavery and the right to citizenship, AfricanRead MoreThe Debate Over The Bill Of Rights Essay1761 Words   |  8 Pagesclauses, which essentially say the Supreme Court is the law of the land, and in Mculloch vs. Maryland, the constitution and its interpretation prevailed, letting the national bank be created, and it could not be taxe d, essentially ignoring the tenth amendment of the protecting the states. 2. The â€Å"Switch in Time that Saved Nine† was important in West Coast Hotel Co. V. Parrish in that the switch of Justice Owen Roberts from conservative to liberal in the decision on minimum wage in Washington, andRead MoreMode of Creation In English, a corporation may be created (i) either by Act of Parliament, (ii) or2800 Words   |  12 Pagesthe Official Gazette. Amendments The Companies Act has undergone changes by amendments of the Companies (Amendment) Act (LXV of 1960), the Companies (Amendment) Act (LII of 1964), (Amendment) Act (XXXII of 1965), the Companies (Amendment) Act (XXXIV of 1966), the Companies (Amendment) Act (XII of 1969), the Companies (Amendment) Act (LXXX (30) of 1971), the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1996 (5 of 1997), the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1999 (21 of 1999) the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000 (53 of 2000)

Interfaces of Strategic Leaders System - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Interfaces of Strategic Leaders System. Answer: Introduction: Strategy can be defined as a process or an effort that is made by individuals or team to achieve long term goals and objectives. Strategies are essentially the blue print or the route map of executing plans towards a particular destination (Slack, 2015). Among the finest qualities that must be possessed by a leader, perhaps the most important quality that a leader must possess is good strategic analysis. For a leader to be strategic it means that a leader must have curiosity towards the changing aspects of the society and analyze how the change in these aspects might impact on a particular organization or a business. Strategic leaders must possess the quality to ask and answer disruptive questions. Arguments are the prime subject of strategic analysis. A strategic leader maintains a balance within all the stakeholders and balances the interests of all stakeholders like investors, customers and the employees of the organization (Simsek, Heavey, Fox, 2018). Thus, to put simply, a leader possessing strategic quality must be capable to handle adverse situation, look out for positive aspects in extreme pessimistic situations, must be aware of personal strengths along with the strength and weakness of the team and identify the key reasons that de-motivate employees. On a broader perspective, it can be said that the strategies that a leader posses are turned into tactics by the leader to ensure the maximum benefit of the employees. Amongst the most important qualities that a strategic leader must possess is loyalty towards the company, judicious and unbiased use of power, having broadened outlook, motivating employees, compassionate towards employees etc. Leaders possessing strategic leading qualities are resource of any company. They are hugely responsible for the growth and inflation of any organizational sectors (Rothaermel, 2015). The contribution o0f the strategic leaders towards a business are as follows: Communication strategy: Any action taken for execution of work is the result of conversion of strategies. The leader explains the team the strategy, thus the team works according to it. Collaborating team members: Strategic leaders are able to collaborate the team members by the dint of strong collaboration skills and mould them preparing to march forward towards a common goal. The individual objectives are not counted here and the members are focused towards the organizational goal. Coordinating members: A strategic leader coordinates team members in the context of completion of complex projects. For instance, the strategic skills that are required to get a traditional project done, may not par with complex projects. The leader needs to apply new set of strategies to maintain team coordination and accomplish goals. Conflict management: Conflicts if not resolves may damage the very base of an organization. Strategic leaders using their communication and convincing skills manages and resolves conflicts so that internal conflicts do not harm projects. This in results in increased profit margins of any company. Reference List Rothaermel, F. T. (2015).Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Simsek, Z., Heavey, C., Fox, B. C. (2018). Interfaces of Strategic Leaders: A Conceptual Framework, Review, and Research Agenda.Journal of Management,44(1), 280-324. Slack, N. (2015).Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

Evaluation of Leadership at Coca Cola free essay sample

On October 24th 1997 Doug Ivester took over as the 10th CEO and Chairman of Coca Cola, the world’s largest soft drink company, after the tenure of his predecessor Roberto Goizueta came to an abrupt end due to his sudden and unexpected death. In the 16 years as CEO of Coca Cola Yale-educated Goizueta earned himself a reputation of setting high objectives and achieving all of them. Growth in total annual sales from $5 billion in 1981 to $18. 5 billion in 1997 and rises in net profits and company’s market capitalization of 700%, respectively 4000%, underline his more than successful leadership (Walter, Knopp Reavis 2005). In 1997 analysts expected former company president Doug Ivester, 50, who received unanimous support from the company’s board in the election process for the new CEO, to continuously meet annual financial targets set in the Goizueta era. The company’s board was completely convinced of Ivester’s qualification for the leading position in as he had already proven himself within in various tasks and jobs over the past decades (Walter, Knopp Reavis 2005). â€Å"Whenever he sets a target, he hits it† (Morris 1998) is a quote of board member Allen recorded at that time which describes the general perception of Ivester in 1997. Goizueta himself saw a â€Å"godsend† (Hays 2004, p. 36) in Doug Ivester, an aggressive worker, but most of all a financial mastermind. They worked together closely for more than a decade, kept on posting spectacular gains and beat market expectations constantly. Also, Goizueta referred to Ivester as his â€Å"partner† (Walter, Knopp Reavis, p. 4), his predetermined successor, the one he carefully groomed to give him the experience and expertise in essential leadership skills (Morris Sellars 2000). Nevertheless, only 26 month later in December 1999 Doug Ivester was pushed to resign from his job as the head of the company on account of outsized pressure from board directors who had lost confidence in his leadership. Under his tenure return on equity declined significantly from 57% in 1997 to 35% in 1999. (Morris Sellars 2000) Thus, the question arises, why did such a successful and celebrated manager fail at the very highest corporate stage and why did his tenure turn out as management story full of leadership lessons? In this paper Ivester’s behaviour, actions, and traits are discussed in coherence to leadership literature and theories to evaluate his approach to leadership and to draw recommendations for the future selection of CEOs at Coca Cola. Leadership Evaluation of Douglas Ivester Given Ivester’s financial background as an accountant at Ernst Young who at first worked for Coca Cola as an external auditor and was subsequently hired by officials in 1979 to work for the company’s financial department (Walter, Knopp Reavis 2005), his approach to business and work was about being direct and analytical (Hays 2004). Morris Sellars (2000) mention his total focus on discipline within his work approach and his deep conviction of the fact that organizations that are highly disciplined entail most creativity. In accordance to Walter, Reavis Knopp (2005) he was an introverted, even blunt leader who emphasized structure as a key issue in his leadership approach. Ivester compared business operations with chess games and imposed rigid control systems within the company. People referred to him as a brilliant and ambitious â€Å"adding-mashine† (Hays 2004, p. 34) until he was elected the new CEO of Coca Cola in 1997. At this point in time, his biggest strengths arguably turned into his biggest weaknesses when his tasks changed from executing corporate strategy to setting corporate strategy, representing and leading a global multinational corporation. Ivester’s lack of flexibility and undersized cognitive ability became obvious in his inflexible acquisition strategy of Cadbury Schweppes despite rising European regulatory concerns in 1998 and his misinterpretation of the contamination scandal in Belgium in 1999 when Ivester ignored the perception of the European population which was still sensitized by Britain’s ’94 mad-cow disease. In this respect Bazerman Chugh (2006) argue that total focus can limit awareness, an essential prerequisite for leadership. After all, Ivester’s misjudgements and failures in both cases turned out to be extremely costly and unfavourable for the company’s image (Walter, Knopp Reavis 2005). This indicates that Ivester simply lacked these character traits which Kirkpatrick Locke (1991) claim to be essential personal traits of successful leaders. In accordance to the situational leadership model of Hersey and Blanchard (1988) leaders are also required to adjust their styles contingent on present situations and the maturity of their followers. Being resistant to any kind of advice Ivester nevertheless kept on telling his employees what to do as he was convinced to know everything better than his employees (Morris Sellars 2000). His leadership was described as a â€Å"one-man highwire act† (Morris Sellars, p. 114+). This also portrays his arrogance and his underdeveloped emotional intelligence – people even referred to him as â€Å"the iceman† (Hays 2004, p. 174). Goleman (1998) argues that emotional intelligence includes five critical components. Besides self-awareness and self-regulation emotional intelligence perceives social and motivating skills as well as empathy as essentials for leadership success. Ivester, however, commonly showed no interest in small talk, he even discouraged staff by inappropriate criticism and intimidations. In general he refused to motivate and empower his employees. On account of his rigidity regarding corporate structures Ivester minimized information, responsibility, authority and trust provided to his staff demanding steady notifications and justifications about every single action (Hays 2004). He did so regardless of the fact that empowered people tend to be more committed to their tasks and as a result more creative and higher performing (Campling et al. 2008). Ivester who detested risk and kept his focus on the â€Å"sure-thing single† (Morris Sellars, p. 14+) ignored that innovative and sustainable successful companies require a certain extend of risk and flexibility. (Barsh, Capozzi Davidson 2008) Evaluating the leadership approach of Doug Ivester additionally it is to mention that effective leadership requires power to influence other people’s behaviour. Campling et. al. (2008) distinguishes between position power in the form of reward, coercive and legitimate and personal power in the form of expert and referent sources of power. The latter sources of power demand knowledge, charisma and interpersonal skills. Having established a rigid control system, Ivester exclusively relied on legitimate power to get things done (Hays 2004). Whetten Cameron (1991) argue that successful leadership requires all types of power and appropriate use to achieve goals and to pursue a shared vision in the long run. As such, Ivester’s leadership approach can basically be described as contrary to the one of his predecessor Robert Goizueta who considered management as a â€Å"people-relations business† (Walter, Knopp Reavis, p. 3). They complemented each other perfectly as long as they were leading the company together and Ivester flourished in his role as the financial mastermind of the company (Hays 2004). But as soon as Goizueta was gone it became obvious that Ivester who â€Å"knew the math, but not the music† (McKay, Deogun Lublin 1999) was not only unable to share visions and goals (Morris Sellars, p. 114+). On top of that he was not even able to set up clear visions and values for the company itself as â€Å"he seemed to lose sight of the big picture† (Morris Sellars, p. according to his oversized focus on details and numbers. Being a leader with visions and the ability to communicate them in a compelling sense however is an important characteristic of transformational leadership which Gardner (1998) urges to be the appropriate leadership style in settings with continuous and vast changes to retain sustainable corporate success. This leadership style requires charismatic leaders that inspire staff members with thorough uses of personal power, empowerment, motivation, rewards and intellectual stimulation. As previously discussed in the evaluation of Douglas Ivester’s leadership approach neither did he apply any of those tools nor did he value them at all. In accordance to Bass (1985) Ivester could best be described as a transactional leader as someone who is more methodical and structured in his leadership approach. This leadership style however is considered to be insufficient to cope with challenges and demands of dynamic work settings (Campling, et al. 2008). Recommendations concerning the election of a new CEO for Coca Cola In retrospect on his 26 month long tenure as the CEO of Coca Cola it became more and more obvious that Ivester emphasised â€Å"substance over style† (Morris Sellars, p. 114+). For more than a decade excellent financial expertise made him the perfect second in command but subsequently his narrow-mindedness also prevented him from being a successful leader. Given the tremendous impact of the selection of the CEO in the life of an organization the board of directors at Coca Cola Company are ought to be more careful in setting selection criteria regardless of the eligibility of internal candidates. Primarily, a strategic fit and leadership capability of candidates are essential and given the leadership lessons evaluated in this paper the election of an external candidate providing adequate leadership experience can often be the logical and more reliable choice in many cases. According to the evaluation of deficits in Doug Ivester’s leadership approach the board is therefore strongly recommended to consider characteristics of transformational leaders in their CEO-selection process who can accomplish excellent performance predominately by â€Å"providing followers with a vision that instills true commitment† (Johns Saks 2008). Also considering the fast changing organizational and economical environment this paper argues that future CEOs at Coca Cola need to embody not only flexibility but also proven skills in cognitive ability. Leaders have to be able to focus on the big picture and make the right decisions especially in times of crisis and change. On top of that the global dimension and worldwide operations of Coca Cola deserve attention within the selection process. Thus, future leaders of Coca Cola need to provide a global mindset, high tolerance for ambiguity and cultural adaptability. In accordance to Petrick et al. (1999) excellent global leadership competencies, which complement transformational leadership, will meet the demand for sustainable competitive advantage and result in superior corporate performance in the 21st century.

T he six principles that make people say YES or ho Essays

T he six principles that make people say YES or how to get YES. Psychology in negotiations. In fact, people are hostages of their habits and stereotypes. The Psychology of Persuasion, Robert B. Cialdini, a respected social scientist and specialist in the area of compliance psychology, says that " automatic, stereotyped behavior is prevalent in much of human action " I fully agree with this quotation. I want to move away from the topic for a second and to tell about myself. Actually, I'm a big fan of psychology, I started learn some psychology books in fourteen years old. I read authors like Eric Bern, Sigmund Freud, Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Nietzsche ( yes, I know that here also philosophy authors, but I think that philosophy and psychology its like wife and husband) and Russian , Ukrainian psychologists. Why I love psychology ? because it help me to better understand people , before they try to do something bad to me (for example),not only for bad thigs in my life I learnt psychology, It help me better to communicate with people and gain trust from them. Psychology has a lot of applications in every-day life. But usually it help to survive in this scary world to people like me, it help to earn money from business or work for eating something every day, it helps in talking to people in difficult situations, when you need to solve a problem for example, to live normally or when you alone in another county and you need to find someone whom you can trust, because in our world today so many bad people who will try to play on your feelings or will try to use you anyway they can and a lot of people going in hands of such bad people and their offer of " help ". But with knowing of people behavior , you can "read" them, it's not so difficult, but practice needed. I'm sorry for so long "moving away". So let's go back to our topic Negotiations and how to get Yes. Negotiation it's a difficult process, you will never know what can happen or what will be in the end. Negotiations can be different , in process people can become angry, become greedy or full of stress. Of course all can be vice versa, as I said you never know what can be with people and in the end of the process. But you can control all the aspects of the process, How ? you can ask me, and now I'll tell you the six principles or "triggers" how to get yes in negotiations. But first I want to talk about "triggers" for people, because, I guess, that everyone has his own "triggers". As I said everyone have "triggers" or easier saying things or words or actions which make people to do one or another action or decision. For example, if ask people to help you to do something ( let's take a supermarket ) People waiting in a queue to do their purchases and you come in this queue with only one banana for example, and if you ask people in a queue - " Can I go first , I have one banana ?" Only 60% will answer you " Yes of course". But , if in the next time in the similar queue in supermarket and you again with banana ( we can image that you like bananas very much) and you will ask them - " Can I go first , I have only one banana , I need so much , because I am late into university" Almost 90% will answer you "Yes". Why? Because it's human nature, it's a well-known that people need a reason to do any action or justify their decisions. But other information is necessary for people their "trigger" is BECAUSE and when people hear their "trigger" it so strong to decide people say YES. I shew an experiment which had been done by Harvard social psychologist Ellen Langer. When I was looking for an addition al information for my essay , I absolutely accidentally found this experiment and rewrite it to easier understanding form just for additional example. So, now

Analyzing Risk - The RAS Essay Sample

Analyzing Risk - The RAS Essay SampleThe RAS Essay Sample will help you to give a brief overview about the project that you are working on. It helps to provide an overview of the key areas that you are taking on. It can be used in place of a study guide or as a stand alone resource.The most interesting aspect of this template is that it allows you to show off your writing skills. You are allowed to make statements about the topic at hand and then ask questions based on what you have already written. You have to know the basics of your topic before you can succeed in this type of writing assignment. This gives you an advantage in all other writing assignments.The risk analysis essay is based on logic. You use real world examples and main ideas to examine the nature of risk in the general area of your choice. This is something that makes this essay a great practice test. However, you need to first understand the basics of the topic before you can work on this type of assignment. After all, the essay cannot be completed if you do not understand the subject matter.The risk analysis essay sample is intended to be used by students in grade school. This is because this type of essay is designed to show them how to use their skills to build up the content that they are studying. When they complete this type of sample, they will be able to use the information that they have learned and to have the necessary tools to handle similar projects later on in life.The RAS Essay Sample is intended to help you be successful with writing for grades. It is necessary for your grades to improve when you understand how to analyze the material you are studying. The essay will help you learn how to critically evaluate topics as well as to write about these topics.Understanding risk can help you understand different things in life. You will be able to have a broader understanding of your own personal views and to broaden your viewpoint to be able to see problems in different ways. When y ou are able to identify issues in various situations, you will be able to spot the problem earlier and to be able to determine its solutions.When you understand the risks associated with a project, you will be able to get through it more successfully. When you write an analysis of your research you will be able to offer more useful insight about the success or failure of the project. All of this will be done with the proper knowledge of risk analysis.You need to first have a good understanding of risk analysis before you can start to make any progress with it. You will be able to focus on the right areas of your studies when you can read the RAS Essay Sample. When you are able to get through the whole essay, you will have a better chance of understanding the risk analysis theory that is contained within the document.

How to Punctuate References to Dates and Times

How to Punctuate References to Dates and Times How to Punctuate References to Dates and Times How to Punctuate References to Dates and Times By Mark Nichol Where do the commas go in references to days, months, years, and time of day? Take some time to note these punctuation rules: No comma is needed between a month and a year: â€Å"The meeting was held in August 2011.† The same form is correct for referring to a holiday during a certain year: â€Å"I haven’t seen her since Christmas 2005.† However, set the year off from the month and day: â€Å"She attended the August 31, 2011, meeting.† Use a comma to set a day off from the date on which the particular day falls: â€Å"The meeting was held on Wednesday, August 31.† A continuation of the sentence requires a second comma: â€Å"The meeting was held on Wednesday, August 31, and the report was issued the following week.† No comma is required between a date and a starting time for an event on that date: â€Å"The meeting is scheduled for August 31 at 7 p.m.† A continuation of the sentence requires no punctuation unless a new independent clause is introduced: â€Å"The meeting is scheduled for August 31 at 7 p.m. and is expected to last for three hours,† but â€Å"The meeting is scheduled for August 31 at 7 p.m., and it is expected to last for three hours.† However, as in the second example in the second paragraph, the combination of day, date, and time requires organizational punctuation: â€Å"The meeting is scheduled for Wednesday, August 31, at 7 p.m.† â€Å"The meeting is scheduled for August 31, 7-9 p.m.† (Print publications should use an en dash for the time range; some online publications do so, too.) A comma should follow the time range if the sentence continues: â€Å"The meeting is scheduled for August 31, 7-9 p.m., and will feature a guest speaker.† A reference to day, date, and time requires commas between each pair of elements: â€Å"The meeting is scheduled for Wednesday, August 31, 7-9 p.m.† (And don’t precede a time range with from: It’s either â€Å"7-9 p.m.† or â€Å"from 7 to 9 p.m.†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive AtProved vs. Proven30 Nautical Expressions

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International Financial Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Financial Markets - Essay Example In the broader perspective, it is a place where in the investors (who have surplus funds) and security issuers (who require funds) can meet and fulfil each others’ requirements (Bailey, 2005, p.34). Stock exchanges provide investors the opportunity to invest in a broad range of securities such as stocks, bonds, commodities, derivative instruments, and so on. These exchanges also provides conveniences for issue and redemption of financial instruments and other securities including payment of dividends and other fixed bearing returns such as coupon interest (Madura, 2012, pp.3-5). It is important to understand that the stock exchanges have multiple roles to play for the development of economy by proper channelization of capital. But one of the most important functions is raising and mobilising capital for businesses. Stock exchanges provide these services and facilities by selling ownership shares to public. The process is also known as the initial public offering or IPO that al lows incorporated companies to list their shares in stock markets and allow external investors to invest in the company. The might require capital for expansion of existing facilities, launching new product or services, or diversifying products and services geographically. Whatever may be the reason for raising capital, irrespective of that the investors get the opportunity to mobilise their savings for investment (Samuel, No date, pp.26-31). For instance, when general public draw their savings and invest in shares of companies through IPO, the process actually leads to allocation of scarce resources of funds in most rational manner. This is because if the investors prefer to keep their surplus funds with them or idle deposits with banks, then the resources are stuck in the economy and is not utilised in best possible manner. But, when the investors prefer investing the funds trading in stock markets then their funds are redirected to help the management of the companies or respecti ve finance boards of the organisations. The benefit of such investment and mobilisation of funds is not only limited to the issuing companies and the investments benefit several other sectors in the economy that are linked to each other indirectly. The mobilisation of fund to different sectors such as agriculture, industry, and commerce ultimately results into higher productivity at all level of firms and promotes stronger economic growth (Bradley and Teweles, 1998, pp.329-348). The stock markets may be broadly classified into primary market and secondary market. The main function of the primary market is facilitating issue of new securities. Organisations, both in public and private sector have the opportunity to tap the primary market where they can offer their shares to public and raise capital. The securities are not limited to ownership capital or equity capital but business entities may also issue bonds through primary. The issue of security by any business entity would depend on the business strategy and the target capital structure that the management decides in the best interest of the shareholders. If the management prefers not to dilute ownership stake and retain significant control over the key management decisions then the entity is likely to prefer bonds over equity instruments. On the other hand, if the companies prefer to increase the earnings per share of the shareholders by leveraging their existing capital structure, then it might choose